1.1 Introduction
We should keep in mind that a computer is a programmable machine. The two
main characteristics of a computer are: (i) it responds to a specific set of
instructions in a well-defined manner. (ii) It can execute a pre-recorded list of
instructions (a program). Modern computers are electronic and digital. The
actual machinery - wires, transistors and circuits is called hardware; the
instructions and data are called software. All general purpose computers require
the following hardware components:
(i) Central Processing Unit (CPU): The ‘brain’ of the computer, the
component that actually executes instructions.
(ii) Memory : It enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and
programs.
(iii) Input device : Usually a keyboard or mouse is used to read data and
programs into the computer.
(iv) Output device: A display screen, printer, etc. that lets you see what the
computer has accomplished.
(v) Mass storage device: It allows a computer to permanently store large
amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drive and
tape drive.
In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic
components of a computer to work together efficiently.
2 :: Certificate in Computer Science
1.2 Objectives
After going through this lesson, you will be in a position to:
l identify the basic components of a computer and their working
l explain the importance of various units of a computer
l learn how these units work together to accomplish a given job
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We should keep in mind that a computer is a programmable machine. The two
main characteristics of a computer are: (i) it responds to a specific set of
instructions in a well-defined manner. (ii) It can execute a pre-recorded list of
instructions (a program). Modern computers are electronic and digital. The
actual machinery - wires, transistors and circuits is called hardware; the
instructions and data are called software. All general purpose computers require
the following hardware components:
(i) Central Processing Unit (CPU): The ‘brain’ of the computer, the
component that actually executes instructions.
(ii) Memory : It enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and
programs.
(iii) Input device : Usually a keyboard or mouse is used to read data and
programs into the computer.
(iv) Output device: A display screen, printer, etc. that lets you see what the
computer has accomplished.
(v) Mass storage device: It allows a computer to permanently store large
amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drive and
tape drive.
In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic
components of a computer to work together efficiently.
2 :: Certificate in Computer Science
1.2 Objectives
After going through this lesson, you will be in a position to:
l identify the basic components of a computer and their working
l explain the importance of various units of a computer
l learn how these units work together to accomplish a given job
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